All Contributors

Bruce Chadwick is a writer and professor who teaches Film, History, and English at Rutgers University and New Jersey City University. He worked at the New York Daily News before completing a P.h.D in American

Professor Chambers, who teaches history at Barnard College, Columbia University, is preparing a book on the subject of the ex-Presidency.

John Chancellor, senior commentator for NBC News, has reported on armed conflict from Cuba, Algeria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and Vietnam.

Daniel T. Chapman, a colonel m the United States Army, became interested in the Carlisle Indian School when he was studying at the Army War College located on the site of the old school.

Patrick J. Charles is Senior Historian for U.S. Special Operations Command and the author of numerous articles and books on the Constitution, legal history, and standards of review.

His writings on the

Samuel Charters has written about the blues and jazz and made recordings of the blues, jazz, and folk music, many of them award-winning, since the 1950s. This article is adapted from The Blues Makers ,

Lawrence W. Cheek has written nine books about Arizona and New Mexico. He now lives in Seattle but continues to explore and write about his native Southwest.

Benjamin Cheever has written four novels — The Plagiarist, The Partisan, Famous After Death, and The Good Nanny—and two nonfiction works, Selling Ben Cheever and Strides: Running Through History With an

A native of Wyoming and holder of a doctorate in literature from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Lynne Cheney is a Social and Cultural Studies senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public

Ron Chernow is an award-winning American biographer whose first book, The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance, won the National Book Award for nonfiction in 1990. His

Lindsay M. Chervinsky, Ph.D. is White House Historian and an expert on the cabinet, the presidency, and political institutions. She received her BA in history and political science from the George Washington

A staff writer for the National Observer and a previous contributor to this magazine, Mr. Chew has been interested in the equine species since he exercised hunters and steeplechasers as a boy in Virginia.

—Frederick J. Chiaventone, a novelist and screenwriter, is a retired Army officer and professor emeritus of international security affairs at the U.S. Army’s Command and General Staff College. His most recent

Thomas Childers serves as the Sheldon and Lucy Hackney Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania. A native Tennessean, Professor Childers specializes in Modern German history and World War II. His

Marquis W. Childs is Washington correspondent and columnist for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. He has covered Washington since 1934 and is the author of a number of books, best known of which is Sweden—The

Ken Chowder has scripted over 25 documentary films (and one feature film) broadcast on BBC, NBC, TBS, Discovery, A & E, and PBS. His credits include seven films for PBS’ The American Experience, including "

Paul H. Chrystal, Jr., was a member of the FDNY, Engine Company 43, from January 1979 to April 1980, and then of Ladder Company 59, until March 1986. He is currently a fire commissioner in Eastchester, New

Allen Churchill has written several books on historical subjects. Among the most recent are The Year the World Went Mad , the story of 1927, and The Improper Bohemians , an account of Greenwich Village in

Nicolai Cikovsky, Jr., is Curator of American Art at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

Neil M. Clark is a free-lance writer living in South Strafford, Vermont.

General Mark W. Clark was Commander in Chief of U.S. Ground Forces in Europe in 1942. After the war he became chief of U.S. forces in Austria, and from 1952 to 1953 he commanded the United Nations forces in

Charles S. Clark is a veteran Washington journalist who has written and edited for The Washington Post, Congressional Quarterly, National Journal, Government Executive, and many other publications.

Clark

We are sorry to report that Frank Clark died during the preparation of this article. He had wished to thank Kathy A. Johnson for her help in preparing the initial manuscript, which he called Pilot for Peace

“Ronald W. Clark is a British historian, novelist, and biographer. The preceding article was adapted by Mr. Clark from his forthcoming book, Freud: The Man and the Cause , which will be published in June by

Admiral Joseph J. "Jocko" Clark, USN (1893 – 1971) commanded aircraft carriers during World War II and was the author of Carrier Admiral with Clark G. Reynolds (1967). Born and raised in Oklahoma and a native

Earl Clark is a former newspaper editor who now writes free-lance. His article on an 1892 Idaho mine war, “ Shootout in Burke Canyon ,” which appeared in the August, 1971, issue of AMERICAN HERITAGE , won

Known as the "Prophet of the Space Age", Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (1917 – 2008) was a British science and science fiction writer, futurist, inventor, and television series host. Considered one of leading

James M. Clash covers mutual funds and adventure travel at FORBES Magazine in New York City.

George R. Clay, the author of this article on nineteenthcentury children, is a freelance writer who has published short stories in a number of magazines, principally the New Yorker . “I’m currently on the

Rudolf A. Clemen is executive vice president of the Society of American Historians. This article is an excerpt from an address before the Historical Society of Princeton.

Robert M. Clements, Jr., is headmaster of Hillbrook School, a country day school in Los Gatos, California.

Clark McAdams Clifford (1906 — 1998) was a highly influential American lawyer who served United States Presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter. He served as White House

Eleanor Clift is a regular panelist on PBS’s “The McLaughlin Group” and is the author of Founding Sisters and the Nineteenth Amendment .

Catherine Clinton is a Professor of History at Queen's University Belfast. She specializes in American History, with an emphasis on the history of the South. She studied sociology and African-American History

A retired college teacher, Mark Coburn dwells in Durango, Colorado.  His writings include a book on General Sherman, articles on Mark Twain, and a co-authored children’s book on Lewis and Clark. 

Andrew Coe is a food writer and scholar, and the author of Chop Suey: A Cultural History of Chinese Food in the United States and A Square Meal, A Culinary History of the Great Depression, and a coauthor of

Edward M. Cqffman is a professor of history at the University of Wisconsin and author of The War to End All Wars (Oxford University Press, 1968). The Hodgson letters, previously unpublished, are in the

Miss Coit, the author of six books, won a Pulitzer prize in 1951 for her biography John C. Calhoun: American Portrait. Her second book, Mr. Baruch (1957), depicts the transformation of a post-Reconstruction

A specialist in Alaskan history, Terrence Cole has just published a biography of E. T. Barnette, the founder of Fairbanks.

Ryan Cole, a former assistant to Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels and speechwriter at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, holds degrees in history and journalism from Indiana University.

Mr.

After working on country newspapers for twenty-five years, John N. Cole now writes a column for the Maine Times and articles for magazines.

Jane Colihan served as a Senior Editor at American Heritage.

Ace Collins is the author of Songs Sung Red, White, and Blue: The Stories Behind America’s Best-Loved Patriotic Songs .

Ronald Collins was the Harold S. Shefelman Scholar at the University of Washington School of Law and a nationally recognized authority on the First Amendment.

Collins has authored or co-authored 14 books

—Terry Golway is the city editor of the New York Observer and the author of The Irish in America (Hyperion) and Irish Rebel (St. Martin’s).

Mr. Colwell, formerly a mechanical engineer, died in 1967. In preparing this narrative about his maternal grandfather he was assisted by his brother, Hubert Emmett Colwell, a retired army officer who lives in

Stiles Tuttle Colwill is curator of paintings at the Maryland Historical Society.

A longtime member of the editorial advisory board of AMERICAN HERITAGE, Henry Steele Commager (1902-1998) taught at New York University, Columbia, and Amherst College, and authored more than forty books. He